外資機構看十九大:權力洗牌後中國經濟走向何方?

外資機構看十九大:權力洗牌後中國經濟走向何方

從倫敦斯坦福勒霍普發出的第一趟中英貨運列車。評級機構穆迪在中共十九大前發布報告,將中國2017年經濟增長率預估由6.6%調升至6.8%,將2018年增速預估從6.3%調升至6.4%。

這對中國經濟來說是一個難得的正面消息。在此之前的一年時間裡,國際評級機構紛紛下調中國主權信用評級。中國經濟增速在過去5年間持續下滑,改革會出現"硬著陸"的聲音此起彼伏。

十九大前較長一段時間裡,滬深股市沒有再次出現大起大落,而是保持平緩上漲。和中國內地關係緊密的港股恆生指數則在不到一年時間裡從22000點漲過28000點,漲幅獨步天下。

中共十九大:中國將如何挑選領導人?“習核心”會在十九大升級為“習領袖”嗎十九大前收緊管控? 新浪微博招募千名監督員特別報導:中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會人民幣匯率在上半年出現大幅下跌後出現大漲,上下波動幅度最高超過了5%。但美國已不再把中國視作匯率操縱國。

這些市場痕跡和中共即將召開的十九大有何關係?中共高層權力洗牌將如何影響世界第二大經濟體的未來走向?

GDP增速會進一步下滑嗎?

中國市場研究集團(China Market Research Group)創始人雷小山(Shaun Rein)接受BBC中文采訪時預測,未來五年,中國的增長可能會持續放緩。原因是"中國在房地產、人人貸等領域出現了泡沫。中國需要重新制定經濟增長的目標"。

這意味著"更慢更健康的增長,以及更健康的社會,"雷小山說。

澳新銀行(ANZ)10月向BBC提供的一份專門展望十九大後中國經濟走勢的報告預測,習近平在第一個五年推行的經濟轉型策略將會持續。其方向仍然是讓中國改變信貸依賴和房地產引領的發展模式,主要手段則包括去產能、去槓桿、去庫存等等。

該報告分析稱,十九大之前的6次黨代會,除十六大外,其餘五次會後中國經濟增速都出現了下跌。其中十四大到十五大之間經濟增速持續下滑,十八大以來也是如此——2013-2017年中國經濟增速始終處於下降狀態。

"朱鎔基在上世紀90年代後期強力推行了國企改革和去壞賬,再加上2001年中國加入WTO,這使當時的中國經濟受益。現在的供給側改革和一帶一路倡議,能讓中國重複類似奇蹟嗎?"報告對十九大後中國經濟會不會打破會後必跌的怪圈提出疑問。

,,上海洋山深水港,這是上海自貿區的一部分。十九大後,中國經濟增速可能進一步下滑,導致更多剩餘產能走向世界。但雷小山認為,增長放緩不一定給中國帶來太大問題,中國需要保持8%的增速才能保證就業的說法是愚蠢的。中國目前的就業市場很健康,很容易找到工作,一些外資企業還找不到合適的工人。

在中國生活工作了20年的雷小山說,"相對於社會穩定,我不擔心中國增速放緩。"

,

雷小山說,中國經濟增速下降同時產生大量過剩產能。習近平提出"一帶一路"戰略,一是要給中國國內企業尤其是國有企業創造保持增長的機會。二是在美國實施收縮政策和全世界正在尋找新領袖的時候,利用"一帶一路"為中國在全球創造影響力。

"這能避免在中國建造毫無價值的隧道、機場和火車。它們(中國公司)現在去了泰國、巴基斯坦,其它政府來支付費用,"雷小山說,"一帶一路"是過去五年裡他對中國經濟領域印象最深的事件。

經濟改革展望

澳新銀行的報告稱,儘管經濟增速下滑,但從以往經驗看,習近平並不願意使用常規的財政和貨幣政策來刺激經濟。十八大後,中國的財政支出增長緩慢。習還在著手對應對債務問題。

儘管大會不會制訂很具體的宏觀經濟改革藍圖。但隨後的中央經濟工作會、全國兩會、三中全會等將會按照新領導班子的意圖制定方案。

該報告預測,未來五年中國經濟改革可能涵蓋:

金融監管改革。金融穩定將是最高政策目標。習近平提到過的監管對象包括,迅速增加的影子銀行、跨部門的金融套利行為等。已經成立的金融穩定發展委員會將開展一系列改革。國企改革。儘管中國在2015年就出台了國企改革的官方指導意見,但截至目前進展讓人失望。目前的國企改革把重點放在了政府對國企的控制,而不是市場化改革。但今年以來的一些國企混合所有製改革傳遞出了積極信號,十九大後這種趨勢有望延續。土地和房地產市場改革。習近平在2016年說了一句話,"房子是用來住不是用來炒的",這已經明確闡明了中國高層對房地產市場的態度,就是要保持合理的房地產價格,給本地居民提供房屋供應。中國政府可以進一步研究中長期的解決方案,通過土地改革來滿足住房需要。最近五次中共黨代會提出的經濟改革思路

14大 提出建立社會主義市場經濟的改革目標15大 設定3年國企改革目標16大 建設小康社會17大 提出在2020年前建成小康社會,GDP比2000年翻兩番18大 提出2020年GDP比2010年翻一番最大隱患

"中國的網絡管制真是一個問題。這是一個噩夢,對於商人來說很麻煩。"雷小山說,自己的公司郵箱經常遇到問題。 Twitter、facebook、VPN都被屏蔽了。

"中國政府不太考慮外國企業的感受。中國需要重新考慮這些政策,有很多方法可以對付網絡攻擊,不應該全部關掉。"他說。

,,珠海一家紡織廠裡的工人。 2010年前後,反映貧富差距的基尼係數在中國已經上升到了接近50的水平。澳新銀行的報告則指出,中國需要認真解決收入差距的問題。

1980年代裡,中國的基​​尼係數保持在30左右。這個數字在2010年前後已經上升到了接近50的水平。

"儘管鄧小平讓一部分人先富起來的政策有望幫助中國在2020之前進入小康社會,但習近平可能會採取更多平衡政策讓廣大群眾分享發展成果,"該報告說,應對收入不平衡將是中國不可迴避的話題。

,

Foreign institutions to see the 19: power shuffling after the Chinese economy to where

,From London to Stanford Hope, the first trip to the Sino-British freight train.Rating agency Moody's released the report before the Chinese Communist Party, China's economic growth forecast in 2017 from 6.6% to 6.8%, the 2018 growth forecast from 6.3% to 6.4%.

This is a rare positive news for the Chinese economy. In the past year, the international rating agencies have lowered the Chinese sovereign credit rating. China's economic growth in the past five years continued to decline, the reform will appear "hard landing" voice come and go.

19 years ago, a long period of time, the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market did not appear again and again ups and downs, but to maintain a gentle rise. And Hong Kong stocks close to the mainland Hong Kong stock index in less than a year from 22,000 points rose 28,000 points, or even unmatched world.

Chinese Communist Party: How will China pick leaders?"Learning core" will be upgraded in the nineteenth as "learning leader" doNineteen before the tightening control? Sina microblogging recruitment of thousands of supervisorsSpecial Report: Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of ChinaRMB exchange rate in the first half after a sharp decline in the rise, up and down the maximum volatility of more than 5%. But the United States no longer sees China as a currency manipulator.

What are the relationship between these market traces and the forthcoming Nineteenth Party? How will China's high-level power shuffle affect the future of the world's second largest economy?

Will GDP growth fall further?

Shaun Rein, founder of China Market Research Group, said in a Chinese interview with BBC that China's growth could continue to slow in the next five years. The reason is "China in the real estate, all loans and other areas of the bubble. China needs to re-establish the goal of economic growth."

This means "slower and healthier growth, and a healthier society," says Ray Hill.

ANZ's report to the BBC in October, which is dedicated to the outlook for China's economic outlook, predicts that Xi Jinping's economic transformation strategy will continue in the first five years. Its direction is still to change China's credit dependence and real estate-led development model, the main means include to the production capacity, to leverage, to inventory and so on.

The report analysis, said before the Ninth Congress of the six party congress, in addition to the 16th, the remaining five times after the Chinese economic growth have declined. Which 14 to 15 between the economic growth continued to decline, since the 18th is also the case - 2013-2017 China's economic growth is always in decline.

"Zhu Rongji in the late 90s of last century, the strong implementation of state-owned enterprise reform and bad debts, coupled with China's accession to WTO in 2001, which makes the Chinese economy to benefit from the current supply side reform and the way all the way to make China repeat similar miracle "The report on the Chinese economy after the Ninth National Congress will not peak the cycle will fall after the question.

,,Shanghai Yangshan deep-water port, which is part of the Shanghai Free Trade Area. Nineteen, China's economic growth may further decline, leading to more remaining capacity to the world.But Ray Hill believes that the slowdown does not necessarily ping much to China, China needs to maintain an 8% growth rate to ensure that employment is stupid. China's current job market is very healthy, it is easy to find a job, some foreign-funded enterprises can not find the right workers.

"I am not worried about China 's slowdown in growth relative to social stability," said Lei Shan, who has been living in China for 20 years.

Lei Xiaoshan said that China's economic growth rate at the same time produce a lot of excess capacity. Xi Jinping proposed "one way" strategy, one is to give Chinese enterprises, especially state-owned enterprises to create opportunities to maintain growth. Second, in the United States to implement the contraction policy and the world is looking for new leaders, the use of "all the way" for China to create influence in the world.

"They can avoid the construction of worthless tunnels, airports and trains in China, and they are now going to Thailand, Pakistan, and other governments to pay for it," said Ray Hill, "all the way in the past five years." The most impressed by the Chinese economy.

Prospects for Economic Reform

ANZ report said that despite the decline in economic growth, but from past experience, Xi Jinping is not willing to use conventional fiscal and monetary policy to stimulate the economy. After eighteen, China's fiscal spending grew slowly. Learning is still on the issue of coping with debt.

Although the General Assembly will not develop a very specific blueprint for macroeconomic reform. But the subsequent Central Economic Work Conference, the two sessions, the Third Plenary Session will be in accordance with the intention of the new leadership team to develop programs.

The report predicts that China's economic reforms over the next five years may cover:

Financial regulatory reform. Financial stability will be the highest policy objective. Xi Jinping mentioned the regulatory object, including the rapid increase in the shadow of the bank, cross-sectoral financial arbitrage behavior. The established Financial Stability Development Committee will carry out a series of reforms.State - owned enterprise reform. Although China in 2015 introduced the official guidance of state-owned enterprise reform, but as of now progress disappointing. The current state-owned enterprise reform has focused on government control of state-owned enterprises, rather than market-oriented reforms. But this year some of the state-owned enterprises mixed ownership reform to pass a positive signal, after 19 this trend is expected to continue.Land and real estate market reform. Xi Jinping said in a statement in 2016, "the house is used to live is not used to fry", which has clearly stated that China's high-level attitude towards the real estate market, is to maintain a reasonable real estate prices, to provide local housing supply. The Chinese government can further study medium and long-term solutions to meet housing needs through land reform.The last five times the Communist Party of China proposed economic reform ideas

14 proposed the establishment of a socialist market economy reform objectives15 sets of 3 years to set the target of state - owned enterprises16 building a well - off society17 proposed to build a well-off society by 2020, GDP quadrupled over 200018 big GDP in 2020 than in 2010 doubledThe biggest hidden danger

"China's network control is really a problem .This is a nightmare, for business people is very troublesome." Lei Xiaoshan said that their company often encounter problems with the mailbox. Twitter, facebook, VPN are blocked.

"The Chinese government does not take into account the feelings of foreign companies.China needs to reconsider these policies, there are many ways to deal with cyber attacks, should not all turn off." He said.

,,A worker in a textile mill in Zhuhai. Before and after 2010, the Gini coefficient, which reflects the gap between rich and poor, has risen to near 50 levels in China.ANZ's report points out that China needs to address the income gap seriously.

In the 1980s, China's Gini coefficient remained at around 30. This figure has risen to near 50 levels around 2010.

"While Deng's policy of letting some people get rich first is expected to help China enter a well-off society before 2020, Xi may adopt more balanced policies to share the fruits of development with the poad masses," the report said. Avoid the topic.

外資機構看十九大:權力洗牌後中國經濟走向何方

,

從倫敦斯坦福勒霍普發出的第一趟中英貨運列車。

評級機構穆迪在中共十九大前發布報告,將中國2017年經濟增長率預估由6.6%調升至6.8%,將2018年增速預估從6.3%調升至6.4%。

這對中國經濟來說是一個難得的正面消息。在此之前的一年時間裡,國際評級機構紛紛下調中國主權信用評級。中國經濟增速在過去5年間持續下滑,改革會出現"硬著陸"的聲音此起彼伏。

十九大前較長一段時間裡,滬深股市沒有再次出現大起大落,而是保持平緩上漲。和中國內地關系緊密的港股恆生指數則在不到一年時間裡從22000點漲過28000點,漲幅獨步天下。

人民幣匯率在上半年出現大幅下跌後出現大漲,上下波動幅度最高超過了5%。但美國已不再把中國視作匯率操縱國。

這些市場痕跡和中共即將召開的十九大有何關系?中共高層權力洗牌將如何影響世界第二大經濟體的未來走向?

GDP增速會進一步下滑嗎?

中國市場研究集團(China Market Research Group)創始人雷小山(Shaun Rein)接受BBC中文采訪時預測,未來五年,中國的增長可能會持續放緩。原因是"中國在房地產、人人貸等領域出現了泡沫。中國需要重新制定經濟增長的目標"。

這意味著"更慢更健康的增長,以及更健康的社會,"雷小山說。

澳新銀行(ANZ)10月向BBC提供的一份專門展望十九大後中國經濟走勢的報告預測,習近平在第一個五年推行的經濟轉型策略將會持續。其方向仍然是讓中國改變信貸依賴和房地產引領的發展模式,主要手段則包括去產能、去槓桿、去庫存等等。

該報告分析稱,十九大之前的6次黨代會,除十六大外,其余五次會後中國經濟增速都出現了下跌。其中十四大到十五大之間經濟增速持續下滑,十八大以來也是如此——2013-2017年中國經濟增速始終處於下降狀態。

"朱鎔基在上世紀90年代後期強力推行了國企改革和去壞賬,再加上2001年中國加入WTO,這使當時的中國經濟受益。現在的供給側改革和一帶一路倡議,能讓中國重復類似奇跡嗎?"報告對十九大後中國經濟會不會打破會後必跌的怪圈提出疑問。

,

上海洋山深水港,這是上海自貿區的一部分。十九大後,中國經濟增速可能進一步下滑,導致更多剩余產能走向世界。

但雷小山認為,增長放緩不一定給中國帶來太大問題,中國需要保持8%的增速才能保證就業的說法是愚蠢的。中國目前的就業市場很健康,很容易找到工作,一些外資企業還找不到合適的工人。

在中國生活工作了20年的雷小山說,"相對於社會穩定,我不擔心中國增速放緩。"

雷小山說,中國經濟增速下降同時產生大量過剩產能。習近平提出"一帶一路"戰略,一是要給中國國內企業尤其是國有企業創造保持增長的機會。二是在美國實施收縮政策和全世界正在尋找新領袖的時候,利用"一帶一路"為中國在全球創造影響力。

"這能避免在中國建造毫無價值的隧道、機場和火車。它們(中國公司)現在去了泰國、巴基斯坦,其它政府來支付費用,"雷小山說,"一帶一路"是過去五年裡他對中國經濟領域印象最深的事件。

經濟改革展望

澳新銀行的報告稱,盡管經濟增速下滑,但從以往經驗看,習近平並不願意使用常規的財政和貨幣政策來刺激經濟。十八大後,中國的財政支出增長緩慢。習還在著手對應對債務問題。

盡管大會不會制訂很具體的宏觀經濟改革藍圖。但隨後的中央經濟工作會、全國兩會、三中全會等將會按照新領導班子的意圖制定方案。

該報告預測,未來五年中國經濟改革可能涵蓋:

  • 金融監管改革。金融穩定將是最高政策目標。習近平提到過的監管對象包括,迅速增加的影子銀行、跨部門的金融套利行為等。已經成立的金融穩定發展委員會將開展一系列改革。
  • 國企改革。盡管中國在2015年就出台了國企改革的官方指導意見,但截至目前進展讓人失望。目前的國企改革把重點放在了政府對國企的控制,而不是市場化改革。但今年以來的一些國企混合所有制改革傳遞出了積極信號,十九大後這種趨勢有望延續。
  • 土地和房地產市場改革。習近平在2016年說了一句話,"房子是用來住不是用來炒的",這已經明確闡明了中國高層對房地產市場的態度,就是要保持合理的房地產價格,給本地居民提供房屋供應。中國政府可以進一步研究中長期的解決方案,通過土地改革來滿足住房需要。

最近五次中共黨代會提出的經濟改革思路

  • 14大 提出建立社會主義市場經濟的改革目標
  • 15大 設定3年國企改革目標
  • 16大 建設小康社會
  • 17大 提出在2020年前建成小康社會,GDP比2000年翻兩番
  • 18大 提出2020年GDP比2010年翻一番

最大隱患

"中國的網絡管制真是一個問題。這是一個噩夢,對於商人來說很麻煩。"雷小山說,自己的公司郵箱經常遇到問題。Twitter、facebook、VPN都被屏蔽了。

"中國政府不太考慮外國企業的感受。中國需要重新考慮這些政策,有很多方法可以對付網絡攻擊,不應該全部關掉。"他說。

,

珠海一家紡織廠裡的工人。2010年前後,反映貧富差距的基尼系數在中國已經上升到了接近50的水平。

澳新銀行的報告則指出,中國需要認真解決收入差距的問題。

1980年代裡,中國的基尼系數保持在30左右。這個數字在2010年前後已經上升到了接近50的水平。

"盡管鄧小平讓一部分人先富起來的政策有望幫助中國在2020之前進入小康社會,但習近平可能會采取更多平衡政策讓廣大群眾分享發展成果,"該報告說,應對收入不平衡將是中國不可回避的話題。

參考來源

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